新版人教版八年级英语下册第一单元知识点归纳预习

阅读量：3642 2021.02.23 作者: 筱薇

Unit 1 What’s the matter?
【重点短语】

1.have a fever 发烧

2.have a cough 咳嗽

3.have a toothache 牙疼

4.talk too much 说得太多

5.drink enough water 喝足够的水

6.have a cold 受凉;感冒

7.have a stomachache 胃疼

8.have a sore back 背疼

9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛

10. take risks 冒险

11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶

12.see a dentist 看牙医

13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片

14.take one’ s temperature 量体温

15.put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药

16. give up 放弃

17. sound like 听起来像

18. all weekend 整个周末

19. in the same way 以同样的方式

20. go to a doctor 看医生

21. go along 沿着……走

22. on the side of the road 在马路边

23. shout for help 大声呼救

24. without thinking twice 没有多想

25. get off 下车

26. have a heart problem 有心脏病

27. to one’ s surprise 另某人惊讶的是

28. thanks to 多亏了 ;由于

29. in time 及时

30. make a decision 做出决定

31. get into trouble 造成麻烦

32. right away 立刻;马上

33. because of 由于

34. get out of 离开;从……出来

35. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事

36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎

37. fall down 摔倒

38. feel sick 感到恶心

39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血

40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖

41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰

42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难

43. mountain climbing 登山运动

44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

45. run out (of) 用完;用尽

46. so that 以便

47. so...that... 如此……以至于...…

48. be in control of 掌管;管理

49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中

二、基础知识
1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了?
【解析】matter n.问题;事情
What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
【注】: matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the
【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即:
What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?
- What’s the matter with you ? - I have a bad cold.
2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒
have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼
3. 身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛
4. much too+ 形容词，意为太...... ，too much+名词，意为很多，大量。
5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money
6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay;lie说谎，过去式lied
7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.
may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.
sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you don’t know the truth.
It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.
9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物;
need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully during class.
need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing.
10. get off (the bus) 下(公交车) get on 上车
11. agree 同意，赞同;
agree with sth. 同意某事如:I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如:I agree to LiLei.
12. trouble问题，麻烦 ;be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。
13. right away=right now=at once，意为马上。
14. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议; advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise sb. doing sth.
【复习】exercise 练习、锻炼
当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词即可加s
当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词即不加s
16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.
不及物动词，……(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.
clean 【动词】打扫，clean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】干净的，cleaner意为清洁工。
18. hit (用手或器具)打;击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位;
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。
be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态;His grandpa was used to country life.
Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.
get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作:
It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.
20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time;免费的the drink is for free;自由的I want to become a free bird.
free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由:He could not free his arm.
run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。
sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.
22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险
23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性
We students should know the importance of (learning) English.
importance n. 重要(性)， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的
decision 【名词】决定;抉择; make a decision 做决定 ;
make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。
25. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.
be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中
26. mind意为介意，mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ,
Would you mind my opening the window?
27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事，give up (playing) computer games;
give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.